Bocairent is everyone’s idea of a pretty hilltop village. In the shadow of the Sierra Mariola and about an hour’s drive inland from Alicante, its houses are crammed together in a maze of narrow cobbled streets, topped off by an elegant 16th century belltower.
But the thing that makes this place different from all the other picture postcard pueblos hereabouts are the remarkable Covetes dels Moros, a centuries-old cave complex facing the village.
There are about 50 of these cave ‘windows’, hacked into the rock overlooking the gorge of the little river Clariano. And the great thing is you can climb inside the cliff face, scramble through the labyrinth of chambers (and I do mean scramble), and pop out at the other end. How often do you get to crawl about inside a mountain?
As you shuffle along on your backside or lever yourself up through narrow openings, you also get a running commentary from the guide, who’ll tell you a little of the history.
What were they for?
They were created back in the 10th and 11th century by the Berber people who occupied Bukayran, the original Arabic name for Bocairent. For years, experts argued about what they were for.
Pretty much everyone agreed that no-one lived in the caves. They’re tiny, and would have been spectacularly uncomfortable as living space. The most likely explanation is they were secure storage for food, especially grain, for the villagers on the hilltop.
When they were first dug out of the mountain, each of these caves was individual, probably belonging to one family. The connections between caves were cut sometime later and are worn shiny with the passage of countless hands, knees and backsides.
Each ‘window’ in the cliff face would have had its own door and food would have been raised or lowered on ropes. A lot of work, whichever way you look at it. But I guess those were dangerous times and keeping their food supply safe must have been important to these people.
A North African import?
The Berber people who settled Bocairent would have known all about using caves for storage or even living space. There’s plenty of evidence of similar complexes in North Africa where they came from originally.
And it must have helped that the rock face is chalky limestone. It was relatively easy to hack into and the caves stayed dry even in the wet winters they experience here.
If you’re reasonably physically fit, don’t mind scrambling around on your hands and knees in a fairly undignified fashion and are definitely not claustrophobic, this is a unique experience. Tickets are just €3 and tours run at 1100/1200/1300 during the week and also afternoons at the weekend. Link here.
Inside the ice cave
Try also the Nevero (the Cava or ice cave) of San Blas for an extra €2. The entrance is right next to where you buy tickets for the Covetes dels Moros. You head down a short staircase through a very low entrance.
Follow a narrow, dimly lit tunnel through the rock for a few metres, and you emerge into a massive 13 metre (42 feet) high cavern where they stored ice back in the day.
Essentially, they tipped snow from the surrounding mountains into the top of the cave in winter. It then solidified into ice, which was extremely valuable in the heat of summer. Not just for cooling food or drink, but also for medicine – cooling fevers, for example.
You’d think the ice would melt really quickly as soon as it was taken out of the cave into the heat of a Spanish summer. But packed properly and carried on mule trains or carts, it would last a fair old time. Long enough anyway to be the basis of a thriving trade in ice all over the area.
Once you emerge blinking into the sunlight, head down the hill on Carrer Mossén Hilario to the 15th century Darrere La Vila bridge. Here you get some of the best views of Bocairent. Better still, cross the bridge and head up the hill towards the cemetery for an even more impressive panorama.
La Ruta Magica
Walk back towards the village centre by taking the Ruta Magica path, which leads along the river at the foot of the hillside. It’s a little stony and uneven but there are great views of the houses clinging to the steep slopes above you.
As you climb back into the village, you’ll pass a couple of abandoned factories. They’re forgotten relics of the textile trade that was Bocairent’s main way of making a living until the late 20th century.
Wool blankets (mantas) were a speciality. However, competition from abroad and cheaper fabrics meant the industry has gone now and Bocairent makes its money from tourism.
Go for a wander!
Once back in the centre there’s plenty of gentle exploring to be done. Follow the narrow lanes and twisty passages of the old village, through unexpected little squares with beautiful views over the Sierra Mariola.
You’ll see rows of peppers drying on balconies in the sun. They’re used for the local delicacy of pericana, a flavouring or spread made from peppers (obviously!), garlic and little pieces of dried cod.
Head up to the highest point of the town and the sixteenth century church with its imposing belltower – you’ll notice they do like to ring church bells a lot in Bocairent. The church is on the site of the former Moorish castle.
Wander down to the main town square, overlooked by eight-storey houses which look impossibly high. Until you realise that they’re actually divided in two and set into the hillside – the upper storeys are a different house with access from the street behind. Many of them still have cellars dug into the rock. Some of the older places even have rooms in the rock.
Take a look also at the little bullring. It’s the oldest in the Valencian Community and it’s set – you guessed it – into the rock.
Fascinating fact!
On the hill opposite the village, you can see the zig zag path leading up to the Ermita de Santo Cristo. The Cristo – the image of Christ – has apparently only been taken out of the Ermita five times. Once to defeat a drought (it worked, apparently) and once during a cholera epidemic (no result recorded). There was even talk of taking it out once again for Covid-19.
© Guy Pelham
Check out more posts on great places to see:
- Xàtiva, home of the Borgia Popes and a great castle
- The spectacular mountain village of Guadalest
- Walking up to the Tibi Dam, one of the oldest in Europe